Proposed by the Greek philosopher, Socrates, the Socratic pedagogy mainly involves the dialogue between the instructor and students. The teacher would ask students probing questions and explore the underlying beliefs that shape the perceptions and views of the students. There are 3 steps of the Socratic Method:
Socratic pedagogy includes a process in which learners can develop their psychological and social skills to become active members of a democratic society. Students get the support to challenge traditional concepts about knowledge, explore alternatives, and create educational knowledge using their experiential learning, ideas, and meaningful dialogues with others. Thus, the Socratic pedagogy curriculum will mostly include the anonymous peer review process, collaborative instructions, comparative context and thinking as learners explore established ideas with others to open their minds and develop a better understanding of concepts.
Example of Socratic pedagogy: Socratic pedagogy in Science or Mathematics can be seen when students look beyond the obvious to assess what and why a specific scientific or mathematical process is, and how is that applied in society. This type of discussion does not necessarily find a particular answer, but it raises new questions for the dialogue.
As an impact of traditional teaching of the past, most of the university students' class time was spent watching and listening to the professor lecturing. Also, in the previous or traditional forms of learning the learners worked individually on projects, and group work was discouraged. In current times, student-centered learning methods move the focus of activity from the instructor to the students.
Student-centered learning enables students to build knowledge, as opposed to passively receiving it, and facilitate deep learning. Student-centered learning focuses predominantly on what the learner needs to do for learning a new concept, rather than on the curriculum content or receiving the information from the teacher.
While living In a multicultural society, the three dimensions of personal, pedagogical and work – institutional are used together to acknowledge and respond to cultural disparities between different learners, and to celebrate different methods and styles of learning. For embracing such a technique, the educator must be ready to accept the diverse nature of the multicultural educational practice and build an equitable and comfortable learning space for all students.
